The choice between Silica, Chromite, Zircon, or Ceramic sand significantly affects the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). While Silica sand is the most cost-effective for general iron and aluminum casting, Chromite sand is necessary for heavy steel sections due to its higher thermal conductivity and chilling effect. Ceramic sand (Fused Ceramite), although higher in initial price, offers a lower thermal expansion rate and high recyclability (up to 95% recovery), which can reduce long-term material costs and waste disposal fees.